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    v5.0

      GQL一致性

      GQL是专为图数据库设计的标准查询语言,于2024年4月由ISO/IEC正式发布:

      嬴图现已支持GQL大部分功能。本文为您介绍GQL在嬴图的一致性。

      必需功能一致性

      根据GQL标准子条款,嬴图为数据模型和GQL必需功能提供以下支持:

      数据模型

      嬴图提供以下一致性支持:

      • 图类型支持:采用封闭图类型的图[1](功能GG02),支持以下功能:
        • 显式元素类型名称(功能GG02)
        • 可选的元素类型键标签集
      • Unicode标准:Unicode标准版本13
      • 属性值类型支持:必需属性值类型如stringboolintfloat,以及其他可选类型

      [1]具有限定图类型的图称为封闭图。封闭图中的点和边必须符合限定图类型中指定的点、边类型。

      必需功能

      可选功能不同,必需功能没有功能ID和功能名称。本文使用各功能在GQL标准中的对应子条款编号和标题对其进行引用:

      子条款
      标题
      支持
      备注
      7 Session management SESSION SET, SESSION RESET, SESSION CLOSE
      8 Transaction management START TRANSACTION, ROLLBACK, COMMIT
      11 Object expressions CURRENT_GRAPH
      14.4 <match statement> MATCH, OPTIONAL MATCH
      14.9 <order by and page statement> ORDER BY
      14.10 <primitive result statement>
      14.11 <return statement> RETURN
      14.12 <select statement> SELECT
      16.1 <at schema clause>
      16.3 <graph pattern binding table>
      16.4 <graph pattern>
      16.5 <insert graph pattern>
      16.7 <path pattern expression>
      16.8 <label expression>
      16.9 <path variable reference>
      16.10 <element variable reference>
      16.13 <where clause> WHERE
      16.14 <yield clause> YIELD
      16.16 <order by clause> ORDER BY
      16.17 <sort specification list> ASC, DESC
      19.3 <comparison predicate> =, <>, <, >, <=, >=
      19.4 <exists predicate> EXIST
      19.5 <null predicate> IS NULL, IS NOT NULL
      19.7 <normalized predicate> IS NORMALIZED, IS NOT NORMALIZED
      20.2 <value expression primary>
      20.3 <value specification> 嬴图不支持SESSION_USER
      20.7 <case expression> CASE, NULLIF, COALESCE
      20.9 <aggregate function> avg(), count(), max(), min(), sum()
      20.11 <property reference> 图元素属性引用
      20.20 <boolean value expression> AND, OR, NOT
      20.21 <numeric value expression> +, -, *, /
      20.22 <numeric value function> char_length(), character_length()
      20.23 <string value expression> 字符串连接运算符||
      20.24 <character string function> left(), right(), upper(), lower(), normalize()
      20.25 <byte string function> left(), right()
      20.29 <duration value function> duration()
      21.1 Names and variables
      21.2 <literal>

      可选功能一致性

      引用标准定义的可选GQL功能时,可使用其功能ID(以字母G开头,后跟3个字符)和功能名称。

      G

      功能ID
      功能名称
      支持
      备注
      1 G002 Different-edges match mode DIFFERENT EDGES,默认匹配模式
      2 G003 Explicit REPEATABLE ELEMENTS keyword REPEATABLE ELEMENTS
      3 G004 Path variables
      4 G005 Path search prefix in a path pattern 另请参看功能G007,G014到G020
      5 G006 Graph pattern KEEP clause: path mode prefix
      6 G007 Graph pattern KEEP clause: path search prefix
      7 G010 Explicit WALK keyword
      8 G011 Advanced path modes: TRAIL TRAIL,默认路径模式
      9 G012 Advanced path modes: SIMPLE
      10 G013 Advanced path modes: ACYCLIC
      11 G014 Explicit PATH/PATHS keywords
      12 G015 All path search: explicit ALL keyword ALL
      13 G016 Any path search ANY, ANY k
      14 G017 All shortest path search ALL SHORTEST
      15 G018 Any shortest path search ANY SHORTEST
      16 G019 Counted shortest path search SHORTEST k
      17 G020 Counted shortest group search SHORTEST k GROUP
      18 G030 Path multiset alternation
      19 G031 Path multiset alternation: variable length path operands
      20 G032 Path pattern union
      21 G033 Path pattern union: variable length path operands
      22 G035 Quantified paths
      23 G036 Quantified edges
      24 G037 Questioned paths
      25 G038 Parenthesized path pattern expression 另请参看功能G048到G051
      26 G039 Simplified path pattern expression: full defaulting 另请参看功能G080到G082
      27 G041 Non-local element pattern predicates
      28 G043 Complete full edge patterns 嬴图数据库中的边是有向边
      29 G044 Basic abbreviated edge patterns 嬴图数据库中的边是有向边
      30 G045 Complete abbreviated edge patterns 嬴图数据库中的边是有向边
      31 G046 Relaxed topological consistency: adjacent vertex patterns 目前仅支持带量词路径模式
      32 G047 Relaxed topological consistency: concise edge patterns
      33 G048 Parenthesized path pattern: subpath variable declaration
      34 G049 Parenthesized path pattern: path mode prefix
      35 G050 Parenthesized path pattern: WHERE clause
      36 G051 Parenthesized path pattern: non-local predicates
      37 G060 Bounded graph pattern quantifiers {m,n}, {m}, {,n}
      38 G061 Unbounded graph pattern quantifiers {m,}, *, +
      39 G074 Label expression: wildcard label 嬴图不支持空标签集
      40 G080 Simplified path pattern expression: basic defaulting
      41 G081 Simplified path pattern expression: full overrides
      42 G082 Simplified path pattern expression: basic overrides
      43 G100 ELEMENT_ID function 返回图元素的_uuid
      44 G110 IS DIRECTED predicate
      45 G111 IS LABELED predicate
      46 G112 IS SOURCE and IS DESTINATION predicate
      47 G113 ALL_DIFFERENT predicate
      48 G114 SAME predicate
      49 G115 PROPERTY_EXISTS predicate

      GA

      功能ID
      功能名称
      支持
      备注
      50 GA01 IEEE 754 floating point operations
      51 GA03 Explicit ordering of nulls NULLS FIRST, NULLS LAST
      52 GA04 Universal comparison
      53 GA05 Cast specification
      54 GA06 Value type predicate
      55 GA07 Ordering by discarded binding variables
      56 GA08 GQL-status objects with diagnostic records
      57 GA09 Comparison of paths

      GB

      功能ID
      功能名称
      支持
      备注
      58 GB01 Long identifiers
      59 GB02 Double minus sign comments --
      60 GB03 Double solidus comments //

      GC

      功能ID
      功能名称
      支持
      备注
      61 GC01 Graph schema management
      62 GC02 Graph schema management: IF [ NOT ] EXISTS
      63 GC03 Graph type: IF [ NOT ] EXISTS
      64 GC04 Graph management CREATE GRAPH, DROP GRAPH
      65 GC05 Graph management: IF [ NOT ] EXISTS

      GD

      功能ID
      功能名称
      支持
      备注
      66 GD01 Updatable graphs INSERTSETDELETE。暂不支持REMOVE,但可以使用SET实现其功能
      67 GD02 Graph label set changes 图元素的标签不可修改
      68 GD03 DELETE statement: subquery support
      69 GD04 DELETE statement: simple expression support

      GE

      功能ID
      功能名称
      支持
      备注
      70 GE01 Graph reference value expressions
      71 GE02 Binding table reference value expressions
      72 GE03 Let-binding of variables in expressions
      73 GE04 Graph parameters
      74 GE05 Binding table parameters
      75 GE06 Path value construction ||
      76 GE07 Boolean XOR XOR
      77 GE08 Reference parameters
      78 GE09 Horizontal aggregation

      GF

      功能ID
      功能名称
      支持
      备注
      79 GF01 Enhanced numeric functions abs(), mod(), floor(), ceil(), squrt
      80 GF02 Trigonometric functions sin(), cos(), tan(), cot(), sinh(), cosh(), tanh(), asin(), acos(), atan(), degrees(), radians()
      81 GF03 Logarithmic functions log(), log10(), ln(), exp(), power().
      82 GF04 Enhanced path functions elements(), path_length()
      83 GF05 Multi-character TRIM function btrim(), ltrim(), rtrim()
      84 GF06 Explicit TRIM function trim()
      85 GF07 Byte string TRIM function
      86 GF10 Advanced aggregate functions: general set functions collect_list(), stddev_pop(), stddev_samp()
      87 GF11 Advanced aggregate functions: binary set functions percentile_cont(), percentile_disc()
      88 GF12 CARDINALITY function cardinality()
      89 GF13 SIZE function size()
      90 GF20 Aggregate functions in sort keys

      GG

      功能ID
      功能名称
      支持
      备注
      91 GG01 Graph with an open graph type
      92 GG02 Graph with a closed graph type
      93 GG03 Graph type inline specification
      94 GG04 Graph type like a graph
      95 GG05 Graph from a graph source
      96 GG20 Explicit element type names
      97 GG21 Explicit element type key label sets
      98 GG22 Element type key label set inference
      99 GG23 Optional element type key label sets 元素类型的关键标签集为:<element type name>
      100 GG24 Relaxed structural consistency
      101 GG25 Relaxed key label set uniqueness for edge types
      102 GG26 Relaxed property value type consistency

      GH

      功能ID
      功能名称
      支持
      备注
      103 GH01 External object references
      104 GH02 Undirected edge patterns

      GL

      功能ID
      功能名称
      支持
      备注
      105 GL01 Hexadecimal literals 例如,OxFF (255)
      106 GL02 Octal literals 例如,0o17 (15)
      107 GL03 Binary literals 例如,0b10000000 (128)
      108 GL04 Exact number in common notation without suffix 不支持.3这样的小数
      109 GL05 Exact number in common notation or as decimal integer with suffix 例如,12.3M (12)
      110 GL06 Exact number in scientific notation with suffix 例如,1.23E3 (1230)
      111 GL07 Approximate number in common notation or as decimal integer with suffix 例如,3.14F3.14float类型值),1D1double类型值)
      112 GL08 Approximate number in scientific notation with suffix 例如,1.23e3F1230float类型值)
      113 GL09 Optional float number suffix F
      114 GL10 Optional double number suffix D
      115 GL11 Opt-out character escaping
      116 GL12 SQL datetime and interval formats 仅支持SQL的datatime格式

      GP

      功能ID
      功能名称
      支持
      备注
      117 GP01 Inline procedure CALL子查询
      118 GP02 Inline procedure with implicit nested variable scope
      119 GP03 Inline procedure with explicit nested variable scope
      120 GP04 Named procedure calls CALL过程
      121 GP05 Procedure-local value variable definitions
      122 GP06 Procedure-local value variable definitions: value variables based on simple expressions
      123 GP07 Procedure-local value variable definitions: value variable based on subqueries
      124 GP08 Procedure-local binding table variable definitions
      125 GP09 Procedure-local binding table variable definitions: binding table variables based on simple expressions or references
      126 GP10 Procedure-local binding table variable definitions: binding table variables based on subqueries
      127 GP11 Procedure-local graph variable definitions
      128 GP12 Procedure-local graph variable definitions: graph variables based on simple expressions or references
      129 GP13 Procedure-local graph variable definitions: graph variables based on subqueries
      130 GP14 Binding tables as procedure arguments
      131 GP15 Graphs as procedure arguments
      132 GP16 AT schema clause
      133 GP17 Binding variable definition block
      134 GP18 Catalog and data statement mixing

      GQ

      功能ID
      功能名称
      支持
      备注
      135 GQ01 USE graph clause
      136 GQ02 Composite query: OTHERWISE OTHERWISE
      137 GQ03 Composite query: UNION UNION
      138 GQ04 Composite query: EXCEPT DISTINCT EXCEPT DISTINCT
      139 GQ05 Composite query: EXCEPT ALL EXCEPT ALL
      140 GQ06 Composite query: INTERSECT DISTINCT INTERSECT DISTINCT
      141 GQ07 Composite query: INTERSECT ALL INTERSECT ALL
      142 GQ08 FILTER statement FILTER
      143 GQ09 LET statement LET
      144 GQ10 FOR statement: list value support
      145 GQ11 FOR statement: WITH ORDINALITY WITH ORDINALITY
      146 GQ12 ORDER BY and page statement: OFFSET clause SKIP
      147 GQ13 ORDER BY and page statement: LIMIT clause LIMIT
      148 GQ14 Complex expressions in sort keys
      149 GQ15 GROUP BY clause GROUP BY
      150 GQ16 Pre-projection aliases in sort keys
      151 GQ17 Element-wise group variable operations
      152 GQ18 Scalar subqueries
      153 GQ19 Graph pattern YIELD clause YIELD
      154 GQ20 Advanced linear composition with NEXT NEXT
      155 GQ21 OPTIONAL: Multiple MATCH statements
      156 GQ22 EXISTS predicate: multiple MATCH statements
      157 GQ23 FOR statement: binding table support
      158 GQ24 FOR statement: WITH OFFSET WITH OFFSET

      GS

      功能ID
      功能名称
      支持
      备注
      159 GS01 SESSION SET command: session-local graph parameters
      160 GS02 SESSION SET command: session-local binding table parameters
      161 GS03 SESSION SET command: session-local value parameters
      162 GS04 SESSION RESET command: reset all characteristics
      163 GS05 SESSION RESET command: reset session schema
      164 GS06 SESSION RESET command: reset session graph
      165 GS07 SESSION RESET command: reset time zone displacement
      166 GS08 SESSION RESET command: reset all session parameters
      167 GS10 SESSION SET command: session-local binding table parameters based on subqueries
      168 GS11 SESSION SET command: session-local value parameters based on subqueries
      169 GS12 SESSION SET command: session-local graph parameters based on simple expressions or references
      170 GS13 SESSION SET command: session-local binding table parameters based on simple expressions or references
      171 GS14 SESSION SET command: session-local value parameters based on simple expressions
      172 GS15 SESSION SET command: set time zone displacement
      173 GS16 SESSION RESET command: reset individual session parameters

      GT

      功能ID
      功能名称
      支持
      备注
      174 GT01 Explicit transaction commands
      175 GT02 Specified transaction characteristics
      176 GT03 Use of multiple graphs in a transaction

      GV

      功能ID
      功能名称
      支持
      备注
      177 GV01 8 bit unsigned integer numbers
      178 GV02 8 bit signed integer numbers
      179 GV03 16 bit unsigned integer numbers
      180 GV04 16 bit signed integer numbers
      181 GV05 Small unsigned integer numbers
      182 GV06 32 bit unsigned integer numbers uint32
      183 GV07 32 bit signed integer numbers int32
      184 GV08 Regular unsigned integer numbers
      185 GV09 Specified integer number precision
      186 GV10 Big unsigned integer numbers
      187 GV11 64 bit unsigned integer numbers Yes uint64
      188 GV12 64 bit signed integer numbers Yes uint64
      189 GV13 128 bit unsigned integer numbers
      190 GV14 128 bit signed integer numbers
      191 GV15 256 bit unsigned integer numbers
      192 GV16 256 bit signed integer numbers
      193 GV17 Decimal numbers decimal
      194 GV18 Small signed integer numbers
      195 GV19 Big signed integer numbers
      196 GV20 16 bit floating point numbers
      197 GV21 32 bit floating point numbers float
      198 GV22 Specified floating point number precision
      199 GV23 Floating point type name synonyms double
      200 GV24 64 bit floating point numbers double
      201 GV25 128 bit floating point numbers
      202 GV26 256 bit floating point numbers
      203 GV30 Specified character string minimum length
      204 GV31 Specified character string maximum length string
      205 GV32 Specified character string fixed length
      206 GV35 Byte string types
      207 GV36 Specified byte string minimum length
      208 GV37 Specified byte string maximum length
      209 GV38 Specified byte string fixed length
      210 GV39 Temporal types: date, local datetime and local time support timestamp
      211 GV40 Temporal types: zoned datetime and zoned time support datetime
      212 GV41 Temporal types: duration support
      213 GV45 Record types 至少包含功能GV46和GV47中的一项
      214 GV46 Closed record types RECORD
      215 GV47 Open record types
      216 GV48 Nested record types RECORD
      217 GV50 List value types LIST
      218 GV55 Path value types PATH
      219 GV60 Graph reference value types
      220 GV61 Binding table reference value types
      221 GV65 Dynamic union types 至少包含功能GV66和GV67中的一项
      222 GV66 Open dynamic union types LIST
      223 GV67 Closed dynamic union types
      224 GV68 Dynamic property value types
      225 GV70 Immaterial value types
      226 GV71 Immaterial value types: null type support null
      227 GV72 Immaterial value types: empty type support null
      228 GV90 Explicit value type nullability
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